Impact of Forced Exhalation Maneuvers During Spirometry on Airway Resistance Measured by Oscillometry in Healthy Children.

OBJECTIVE: To analyze the impact of repeated forced spirometry maneuvers on oscillometry parameters of healthy children. METHODS: This is a cross-sectional study with healthy children (6-12 y old) from schools in Florianopolis-SC/Brazil. Good health condition was confirmed through questionnaires, health history, and normal spirometry. Spirometry maneuvers and impulse oscillometry were conducted according to the American Thoracic Society guidelines. The school children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers performed: 1) 3 maneuvers; 2) 4 maneuvers and 3) 5 to 8 maneuvers. The following oscillometry values were considered: at rest (T0); after the first spirometry maneuver (T1); and after the last maneuver (T2), according to the groups' allocation. The mixed model ANOVA was applied to verify the interaction of oscillometry parameters in all 3 moments and groups. The Friedman test was used for analysis of Fres (p < 0.05). RESULTS: In 149 school children (mean age: 9.13 y old ± 1.98), there was a significant increase in Z5, R5, R20, and X5 values at rest and after the first spirometry maneuver, and values at rest and after the last maneuver in all groups. The effects on analyzed variables were significant in Z5 (F: 12.35; gl: 2; p < 0.001), R5 (F: 11.14; df: 2, p < 0.001), R20 (F: 7.53; df: 2, p < 0.001), and X5 (F: 4.30; df: 2, p = 0.014). CONCLUSION: There were changes in respiratory mechanics after spirometry, like the increase in baseline Z5, R5, R20, and X5 after the first forced spirometry maneuver, and in comparison to the last maneuver obtained.

Atividade física e força muscular respiratória em crianças saudáveis / Actividad física y fuerza muscular respiratoria en niños sanos / Level of physical activity and respiratory muscle force in healthy children

RESUMO Este artigo tem como objetivo verificar a relação entre a idade e o nível de atividade física de crianças não saudáveis (NAF) com parâmetros de força muscular respiratória (FMR) de crianças saudáveis e comparar os dados entre gêneros. Participaram da pesquisa escolares saudáveis de 6 a 12 anos provenientes da Grande Florianópolis (SC), Brasil. A higidez foi controlada com um questionário, um recordatório de saúde e parâmetros espirométricos. Avaliaram-se parâmetros de FMR por manovacuometria e seus valores preditos (%) e foi aplicado um questionário sobre NAF. Aplicou-se também o teste Kolmogorov-Smirnov e, na sequência, foram realizados os testes de correlação de Spearman, T e U-Mann-Whitney para comparação dos dados de FMR entre gêneros e NAF. Denominou-se GA para o grupo ativo e GI para o grupo inativo e se adotou 5% como nível de significância. Participaram da pesquisa 76 crianças (10,1±1,7 anos) com média de pressão inspiratória (PIMÁX) de −89,7±41,4 cmH2O e de pressão expiratória máximas (PEMÁX) de 86,6±22,6cmH2O. Os resultados mostraram que os parâmetros de FMR e NAF não apresentaram relação, enquanto os valores de PIMÁX, PEMÁX e %PEMÁX se relacionaram significativamente com a idade. Além disso, o GA apresentou maior valor da PIMÁX em comparação ao GI e não houve diferença entre gêneros para NAF, somente maior PEMÁX nos meninos. Os parâmetros de FMR e NAF não se associaram, mas ambos apresentaram relação com a idade. Na comparação entre os grupos, as crianças ativas apresentaram maiores valores de PIMÁX que as inativas. Não houve diferença no NAF entre gêneros, mas os meninos apresentaram maiores valores absolutos de PEMÁX.

RESUMEN Este artículo tiene como objetivo comprobar la relación entre la edad y el nivel de actividad física de niños no sanos (NAF) con los parámetros de fuerza muscular respiratoria (FMR) de niños sanos, así como comparar los datos entre los géneros. En el estudio participaron escolares sanos de 6 a 12 años de edad de la gran Florianópolis (Brasil). Para analizar la buena salud se utilizaron cuestionario, recordatorio clínico y parámetros espirométricos. Los parámetros de FMR se evaluaron por manovacuometría y sus valores predichos (%), y se aplicó un cuestionario sobre NAF. También se aplicó la prueba de Kolmogorov-Smirnov y, posteriormente, se realizaron los test de correlación de Spearman, t y U-Mann-Whitney para comparar los datos de FMR entre géneros y NAF. Se denominó GA al grupo activo y GI al grupo inactivo, y el nivel de significación adoptado fue del 5%. En el estudio participaron 76 niños (10,1±1,7 años) con presión inspiratoria media (PIMÁX) de -89,7±41,4 cmH2O y con presión espiratoria máxima (PEMÁX) de 86,6±22,6 cmH2O. Los resultados mostraron que los parámetros de FMR y NAF no estaban relacionados, mientras que los valores de PIMáX, PEMÁX y %PEMÁX se relacionaron significativamente con la edad. Además, el GA tuvo un valor de PIMÁX más alto que el GI y no hubo diferencias entre los géneros para NAF, solo mayor PEMÁX en los niños. Los parámetros de FMR y NAF no estuvieron asociados, pero ambos se relacionaron con la edad. Al comparar los grupos, los niños activos tuvieron valores de PIMÁX más altos que los niños inactivos. No hubo diferencia en NAF entre los géneros, pero los niños tuvieron valores de PEMÁX más altos.

ABSTRACT This study aimed to verify the relationship between the level of physical activity (LPA) and age with respiratory muscle strength (RMS) parameters of healthy children, as well as to compare this data between boys and girls. Healthy schoolchildren (6 to 12 years old) from the metropolitan area of Florianópolis-Santa Catarina/Brazil were the subjects of this study. Health was controlled by questionnaire, health record and spirometric parameters. Manovacuometry was performed to evaluate the RMS parameters and a questionnaire was applied to assess the LPA. In the sequence of the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, the Spearman's correlation test was applied to verify the relationship between variables, and U-Mann-Whitney test to compare the RMS parameters between genders and LPA (active group-AG and inactive group-IG). The level of significance adopted was 5%. In total, 76 children (10.1±1.7 years) participated in this study, with mean maximum inspiratory pressure (MIP) of −89.7±41.4cmH2O and maximum expiratory pressure (MEP) 86.6±22.6cmH2O. The parameters of RMS and LPA level were not related. Values of MIP, MEP and predicted percentage of MEP were significantly related to age. AG showed a higher MIP value compared with IG. There was no difference between genders for LPA, there was only a difference for MEP in boys. RMS parameters and LPA were not related, but both were related to age. Active children had a higher MIP value compared with inactive children. Between genders, there was no difference in the LPA and boys showed higher MEP values.

Which factors can influence the number of forced expiratory manoeuvres on spirometry in schoolchildren?

INTRODUCTION: Spirometry is of great value for understanding respiratory function and management of lung diseases. Adaptations in the exam were made to meet paediatric population since the forced expiratory manoeuvres (FEM) present in the exam require effort and cooperation; therefore, its use should be reconsidered. OBJECTIVE: To analyse factors that may influence the number of FEM required for successful spirometry in schoolchildren. METHOD: Healthy children aged between 6 and 12 years were tested. FEM were conducted according to the American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society guideline. The children were divided into three groups according to the number of attempts: G3M if child completed the test in three FEM; G4M if child completed in four attempts FEM; and G5/8M if child completed the test in five to eight FEM. Factors that potentially influenced the number of FEM included: age; impulse oscillometry parameters; slow vital capacity; respiratory muscle strength; orofacial motor function, school performance, physical activity level and quality of life. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was performed, followed by the Chi-Square, repeated measures ANOVA and Kruskal-Wallis tests; thereafter, a multinomial logistic regression was applied. RESULTS: One hundred and forty-nine schoolchildren (80 girls) with mean age of 9.13 years (±1.98) were included, age was related to the required number of FEM (F = 3.38(2), P = .03) and children with poor school performance had a 2.84-fold greater chance of completing the exam in more than five attempts. CONCLUSION: Age and school performance influenced the number of FEM required for a successful spirometry in schoolchildren.

Psychosocial and physical adjustments and prosthesis satisfaction in amputees: a systematic review of observational studies.

Background: Adjustment to amputation is a complex process because it encompasses physical and psychosocial aspects as well as satisfaction with the artificial limb.Purpose: To review the scientific production on psychosocial and physical adjustments to amputation and prosthesis use as well as prosthetic satisfaction in people with lower limb amputation in the last 10 years.Methods: This review was conducted on the MEDLINE via Pubmed, Web of Science and Scopus databases. Original and observational studies published in the last 10 years were included, with topics related to adjustment to amputation and prosthesis use as well as prosthetic satisfaction in people with lower limb amputations.Results: A total of 1042 articles were identified in the initial search, but after analysing the criteria 16 articles were used for analysis in their entirety. Regarding psychosocial adjustments, higher rates of depression, anxiety and body image disorders were observed among people with amputations. Phantom and residual limb pain, gender, employment status and daily hours of prosthesis use may influence psychosocial adjustment. Physical adjustment may be influenced by the level of amputation, educational background, age, daily prosthesis use, ambulatory assistive devices and presence of comorbidities. The areas of greatest prosthetic dissatisfaction were colour and weight.Conclusion: Considering that most of the studies related to the satisfaction and adjustment of the prosthesis are cross-sectional studies, longitudinal studies should be conducted, since monitoring individuals over the years and verifying how these variables change over time may contribute to obtaining more data on the factors that influence prosthetic fitting and satisfaction.Implications for rehabilitationAdjustment to amputation and prosthesis use involves both physical and psychosocial issues, it is important that besides physical rehabilitation, psychological interventions and education and communication activities between the patient and the health professionals are carried out.The adaptation to the prosthesis and the recovery of walking capacity are important goals in the rehabilitation process and the knowledge of the physical and psychosocial factors associated with amputation and the use of the prosthesis can help the health team to provide better care to these subjects.Well-adjusted, comfortable and easy-to-use prostheses are of great importance as they enable the patient to perform their daily activities and maintain their independence.It is important to encourage the participation of the individual in both rehabilitation and choice of prosthesis.

Adenoamigdalectomia e o crescimento infantil - segundo marcadores biológicos e antropométricos / Adenoamigdalectomy and childhood growth - second biological and anthropometric markers

Adenoamigdalectomia é um procedimento realizado para a remoção das amígdalas e da adenoide, que é indicada para obstrução de vias aéreas superiores devido hipertrofia dessas estruturas. Com isso, o objetivo deste estudo é avaliar qual a influência da adenoamigdalectomia no crescimento de crianças com distúrbios respiratórios do sono, com base em marcadores bioquímicos e antropométricos. Pesquisa em bancos de dados virtuais MEDLINE (Medical Literature Analysis and Retrieval System on-line) acessado via PubMed e Scielo, com limites para idioma com os descritores "growth", "adenotonsillectomy", "sleep-disordered breathing" e "children". A pesquisa estendeu-se de agosto de 2015 a março de 2017. Foram considerados critérios de inclusão: artigos originais que avaliassem amostra de menores de 12 anos, submetidos à amigdalectomia diante do diagnóstico de distúrbio respiratório do sono e/ou hiperplasia/hipertrofia de amígdala e/ou adenóide. Foram selecionados 22 estudos. Observou-se que a adenoamigdalectomia é fator importante no crescimento pôndero-estatural em crianças com DRS, a curto e longo prazos. Existem ganhos significativos de peso, altura e em alguns casos, ocorrência de "catch-up" no crescimento. Há evidências da modificação da concentração sanguínea de mediadores químicos do crescimento (IGF-I e IGFBP-3) após a cirurgia. Adenoamigdalectomia promove ganhos de peso e altura, favorecendo o crescimento de crianças a ela submetidos.

Adenotonsillectomy (AT) is a procedure performed to remove the tonsils and adenoids, which is indicated when there is obstruction of the upper airway due to hypertrophy of these structures. Evaluate the influence of the AT on growth in children with sleep-disordered breathing, based on biochemical and anthropometric markers. Research in virtual databases Medline and SciELO, with limits of idiom with the descriptors "growth" , "adenotonsillectomy", "sleep -disordered breathing" and "children". The research extended from august 2015 to march 2017 were considered inclusion criteria: original articles that evaluated sample under 12 years who underwent tonsillectomy before the diagnosis of sleep-disordered breathing and/or hyperplasia/hypertrophy of tonsils and/or adenoids. 22 studies were selected. It was observed that adenotonsillectomy (AT) is an important factor in the weight and height development in children with SDB in the short and long term and observed significant gains in weight, height and in some cases, the occurrence of "catch-up" growth. There is even evidence of the change in concentration blood of the chemical mediators growth factor (IGF-I and IGFBP-3) after surgery. The adenotonsillectomy promotes gains in height and weight, and consequently growth in individuals subjected to it.

Espirometria em escolares durante estudos de campo: realização em dias diferentes altera o resultado do exame? / Spirometry in schoolchildren for field studies: does testing on different days change the result of the exam?

RESUMO Objetivo: Analisar se há alteração no resultado do exame espirométrico executado por escolares saudáveis, quando realizado em dias diferentes. Métodos: Estudo transversal com escolares saudáveis com 7 a 12 anos, provenientes de escolas da Grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram incluídas crianças pré-púberes, não atletas, nascidas a termo, sem qualquer doença cardiorrespiratória, reumática, musculoesquelética, neurológica e déficits visuais ou auditivos. A higidez da criança foi avaliada por meio de um questionário de saúde e do questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. O exame espirométrico foi realizado em 3 dias diferentes, não excedendo o intervalo de 15 dias entre o primeiro e o último exame, seguindo as diretrizes da American Thoracic Society. Foram analisados os valores absolutos e os percentuais dos valores preditos de capacidade vital forçada, volume forçado no primeiro segundo e pico de fluxo expiratório. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, seguida por análise de variância de uma via ou teste de Friedman e pelo teste post-hoc de Bonferroni para comparações múltiplas paramétricas. Foi aplicado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) para comparar os resultados dos mesmos pacientes entre os diferentes dias. Resultados: Vinte e duas crianças foram analisadas, com média de idade de 9,3±1,1 anos. Todos os parâmetros espirométricos apresentaram redução numérica no decorrer dos dias avaliados, no entanto, sem diferença significante. Na análise da reprodutibilidade da espirometria, os testes apresentaram coeficiente de correlação intraclasse >0,70. Conclusões: Não houve alteração do resultado da espirometria executada por escolares saudáveis em três dias distintos.

ABSTRACT Objective: To analyze if there is variation in the results of spirometry performed by healthy schoolchildren on different days. Methods: Cross-sectional study with healthy schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years old, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Prepubescent children, non-athletes, born at full term, without cardiorespiratory, rheumatic, musculoskeletal, neurological and visual or hearing deficit were included. The child's health was assessed by a health questionnaire and by the survey International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. The spirometric test was performed on 3 different days, not exceeding the interval of 15 days between the first and last exams, following the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society. The absolute values and percentages of predicted values of forced vital capacity, forced volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by one-way analysis of variance or Friedman test and by Bonferroni's post-hoc test for multiple parametric comparisons. Also, the intraclass correlation coefficient was applied to compare results on the same patients on the different tested days. Results: Twenty-two children were analyzed, with a mean age of 9.3±1.1 years. All the spirometric parameters showed a reduction in absolute value after the first exam, but without significant difference. Regarding reproducibility of spirometry results, the tests presented intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70. Conclusions: There was no change in the results of spirometry performed by healthy schoolchildren on three different days.

Relationship between oral habits and spirometry maneuvers, in children / Relação entre hábitos orais da infância e manobras espirométricas

ABSTRACT Purpose: to analyze whether deleterious oral habits can influence the number of attempts of forced spirometry maneuvers performed by healthy children. Methods: this observational and cross-sectional analytical study included 149 healthy children aged 6-12 years attending public and private schools in Florianópolis, SC, Brazil. A validated protocol was applied for the analysis of deleterious oral habits. The children were grouped according to the number of spirometry maneuvers needed to achieve successful spirometry results, as follows: G1) children who needed 3 maneuvers; G2) 4 maneuvers; G3) 5-8 maneuvers. Data were analyzed with the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test and the Kruskal-Wallis test was applied to compare quantitative variables between the groups. The Chi-square test was used to assess the association between the groups and qualitative variables. Results: there was no association between the number of attempts and the qualitative variables evaluated by the protocol. There was also no difference between the groups regarding quantitative variables for breastfeeding time, breastfeeding occurrence, use of pacifiers, and thumb sucking. Conclusion: the presence of DOH did not influence the number of forced spirometry maneuvers, performed by the healthy children in this study.

RESUMO Objetivo: analisar se hábitos orais deletérios influenciam no número de tentativas de manobras espirométricas executadas por crianças saudáveis. Métodos: pesquisa analítica observacional e transversal, incluiu 149 crianças saudáveis entre 6 e 12 anos, de escolas públicas e particulares de Florianópolis- SC/Brasil. Foi aplicado um protocolo validado para a análise de hábitos orais deletérios. As crianças foram agrupadas de acordo com o número de manobras espirométricas necessárias para realizar o exame: G1) crianças que realizaram as manobras forçadas em 3 tentativas; G2) em 4 tentativas e G3) 5 a 8 tentativas. Para análise de dados verificou-se a distribuição dos dados por meio do teste de Kolmogorov-Smirnov e aplicou-se Kruskal-Wallis para comparar o comportamento das variáveis quantitativas entre os grupos. O teste qui-quadrado foi utilizado para avaliação da associação entre os grupos e as variáveis qualitativas. Resultados: não houve associação entre a quantidade de tentativas e as variáveis qualitativas avaliadas pelo protocolo. Também não foi encontrada diferença entre os grupos com relação às variáveis quantitativas tempo de amamentação, ocorrência de aleitamento materno, uso de chupeta e sucção de dedo. Conclusão: a presença de HOD não influenciou o número de tentativas de manobras espirométricas forçadas, executadas por crianças saudáveis.

SPIROMETRY IN SCHOOLCHILDREN FOR FIELD STUDIES: DOES TESTING ON DIFFERENT DAYS CHANGE THE RESULT OF THE EXAM? / ESPIROMETRIA EM ESCOLARES DURANTE ESTUDOS DE CAMPO: REALIZAÇÃO EM DIAS DIFERENTES ALTERA O RESULTADO DO EXAME?

OBJECTIVE: To analyze if there is variation in the results of spirometry performed by healthy schoolchildren on different days. METHODS: Cross-sectional study with healthy schoolchildren aged 7 to 12 years old, in Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Southern Brazil. Prepubescent children, non-athletes, born at full term, without cardiorespiratory, rheumatic, musculoskeletal, neurological and visual or hearing deficit were included. The child's health was assessed by a health questionnaire and by the survey International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. The spirometric test was performed on 3 different days, not exceeding the interval of 15 days between the first and last exams, following the guidelines of the American Thoracic Society. The absolute values and percentages of predicted values of forced vital capacity, forced volume in the first second and peak expiratory flow were analyzed. Statistical analysis was performed using the Shapiro-Wilk normality test followed by one-way analysis of variance or Friedman test and by Bonferroni's post-hoc test for multiple parametric comparisons. Also, the intraclass correlation coefficient was applied to compare results on the same patients on the different tested days. RESULTS: Twenty-two children were analyzed, with a mean age of 9.3±1.1 years. All the spirometric parameters showed a reduction in absolute value after the first exam, but without significant difference. Regarding reproducibility of spirometry results, the tests presented intraclass correlation coefficient >0.70. CONCLUSIONS: There was no change in the results of spirometry performed by healthy schoolchildren on three different days.

OBJETIVO: Analisar se há alteração no resultado do exame espirométrico executado por escolares saudáveis, quando realizado em dias diferentes. MÉTODOS: Estudo transversal com escolares saudáveis com 7 a 12 anos, provenientes de escolas da Grande Florianópolis, Santa Catarina, Brasil. Foram incluídas crianças pré-púberes, não atletas, nascidas a termo, sem qualquer doença cardiorrespiratória, reumática, musculoesquelética, neurológica e déficits visuais ou auditivos. A higidez da criança foi avaliada por meio de um questionário de saúde e do questionário International Study of Asthma and Allergies in Childhood. O exame espirométrico foi realizado em 3 dias diferentes, não excedendo o intervalo de 15 dias entre o primeiro e o último exame, seguindo as diretrizes da American Thoracic Society. Foram analisados os valores absolutos e os percentuais dos valores preditos de capacidade vital forçada, volume forçado no primeiro segundo e pico de fluxo expiratório. A análise estatística foi realizada com o teste de normalidade de Shapiro-Wilk, seguida por análise de variância de uma via ou teste de Friedman e pelo teste post-hoc de Bonferroni para comparações múltiplas paramétricas. Foi aplicado o coeficiente de correlação intraclasse (ICC) para comparar os resultados dos mesmos pacientes entre os diferentes dias. RESULTADOS: Vinte e duas crianças foram analisadas, com média de idade de 9,3±1,1 anos. Todos os parâmetros espirométricos apresentaram redução numérica no decorrer dos dias avaliados, no entanto, sem diferença significante. Na análise da reprodutibilidade da espirometria, os testes apresentaram coeficiente de correlação intraclasse >0,70. CONCLUSÕES: Não houve alteração do resultado da espirometria executada por escolares saudáveis em três dias distintos.

Alternative Indexes to Estimate the Functional Capacity From the 6-Minute Walk Test in Children and Adolescents With Cystic Fibrosis.

BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis is a multi-systemic disease related to reduced functional capacity. The distance covered in the 6-min walk test (6MWT) has been known to assess functional capacity, but little is known about other indexes that can be derived. We sought to compare the performance during the 6MWT and the estimated indexes of functional capacity from the 6MWT between subjects with cystic fibrosis (CF) and healthy individuals as well as to assess the relationship among these indexes and disease severity, pulmonary function, and nutritional status in CF. METHODS: This cross-sectional study was carried out at a university referral center for CF. It included a group of 55 non-oxygen-dependent CF subjects (CF group) with no acute pulmonary exacerbations and a group of 185 healthy controls (control group). All subjects were submitted to 6MWT and anthropometrics measurements. RESULTS: Regarding performance during the 6MWT, the mean values of work, physiological cost index, average velocity, and 6-min walk distance (6MWD) were significantly lower in the CF group than in the control group (work: 21,690.58 ± 10,427.77 vs 26,057.51 ± 11,228.49 m × kg [P = .007]; physiological cost index: 0.31 ± 0.19 vs 0.37 ± 0.17; average velocity: 94.71 ± 12.89 vs 104.55 ± 9.13 m/min [P < .001]; and 6MWD: 568.02 ± 76.31 m versus 627.54 ± 54.81 m [P < .001]). Subjects with less severe CF had higher 6MWD, work, and average velocity during the 6MWT, compared with subjects with more severe CF (P = .008, P = .01, and P = .007, respectively). There was a correlation between 6MWD, work, average velocity, and disease severity and pulmonary function. CONCLUSIONS: Considering the importance of standard measure (6MWD) the in 6MWT, alternative indexes can be useful as complementary outcomes and to provide a better understanding of limiting factors of exercise response in children and adolescents with CF.

Repercussão da displasia broncopulmonar na função pulmonar durante infância: revisão sistemática / Impact of bronchopulmonary dysplasia on pulmonary function during childhood: a systematic review

INTRODUCTION: Bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) is a multifactorial chronic lung disease that contributes to disruption of pulmonary development. It may impair pulmonary function in early childhood and persist throughout school-age, adolescence, and into adulthood. OBJECTIVE: To analyze, through a systematic review, the impact of BPD on pulmonary function in early childhood. : Systematic searches were performed in three electronic databases (Medline, SciELO and PEDro). Two independent examiners analyzed the titles, abstracts and full texts, considering the following study inclusion criteria: studies of pulmonary function in up to 5-year-old children diagnosed with BPD in the neonatal period. RESULTS: Initially, 1789 articles were identified, and the final sample included 22 articles. It could be observed that children diagnosed with BPD in early childhood showed expiratory flow limitation and reduced functional residual capacity. However, pulmonary function in children with a history of BPD remains reduced when compared with healthy full-term children. Moreover, there are no positive responses in pulmonary function values with the use of bronchodilators. CONCLUSION: Children with BPD show changes in pulmonary function, which may improve with growth, and most of them do not respond positively to bronchodilators.

INTRODUÇÃO: A displasia broncopulmonar (DBP) é uma doença pulmonar crônica multifatorial que interrompe o desenvolvimento pulmonar, podendo repercutir em comprometimento da função pulmonar na primeira infância, que pode perdurar durante a idade escolar, adolescência, até a idade adulta. OBJETIVO: Analisar, através de uma revisão sistemática, as repercussões da DBP na função pulmonar de crianças na primeira infância. MÉTODO: Foram realizadas buscas sistematizadas em três bases de dados eletrônicas (Medline, SciELO e PEDro). Dois examinadores independentes analisaram sistematicamente os títulos, resumos e textos na íntegra, considerando os seguintes critérios de inclusão: estudos que avaliaram a função pulmonar de crianças com até 5 anos de idade que apresentaram diagnóstico de DBP no período neonatal RESULTADOS: Inicialmente foram identificados 1789 artigos, sendo que a amostra final foi composta de 22 artigos. Evidenciou-se que crianças com DBP apresentam na primeira infância limitação dos fluxos expiratórios e redução da capacidade residual funcional. Estas alterações podem ser normalizadas ou minimizadas com o crescimento e adequação de peso, porém, a função pulmonar das crianças com história de DBP continua reduzida em comparação a crianças hígidas nascidas a termo. Ainda, a maioria delas não apresenta respostas positivas nos valores de função pulmonar com o uso de broncodilatadores. CONCLUSÃO: Crianças com DBP apresentam alterações na função pulmonar, podendo melhorar com o crescimento, sendo que a maioria não responde positivamente ao broncodilatador.